COVID‐19 in Chihuahua, Mexico: Assessing its spatial behaviour through the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique

This study focused on the spatial evolution of COVID‐19 in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Data were retrieved from governmental databases and analyzed by means of GIS, applying the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The period of December 2019 through November 2021 was split into eight seasons. The root mean square error (RMSE) was used to assess the reliability of the interpolations, showing acceptable values (RSME < 25). During the period, the municipalities of Juarez and Chihuahua reached the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths, Juarez being the main hotspot of contagion (37.2% of confirmed cases;46.9% of deaths). Four waves of contagion were identified during the evaluated period, with Fall 2020 being the strongest season. Since Fall 2020, the spread of the disease was more often observed in municipalities with the highest human mobility. Although the spread of COVID‐19 decreased after Spring 2021, in Fall 2021 records indicated a continuous increase in cases in the state. That could be due to a relaxation of the implementation of sanitary measures, as well as to the propagation of novel COVID‐19 variants having an elevated infectious level. Geospatial techniques allowed for an understanding of the spatial spread of COVID‐19 and could be useful for its control. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Résumé Cette étude porte sur l'évolution spatiale de la COVID‐19 dans l'État de Chihuahua, au Mexique. Les données ont été extraites des bases de données gouvernementales et analysées au moyen d'un SIG, en appliquant la méthode de l'interpolation pondérée par l'inverse de la distance (IDW). La période de décembre 2019 à novembre 2021 a été divisée en huit sous‐périodes. La racine de l'erreur quadratique moyenne (RMSE) a été utilisée pour évaluer la fiabilité des interpolations, montrant des valeurs acceptables (RSME < 25). Au cours de la période évaluée, les municipalités de Juarez et de Chihuahua ont atteint le plus grand nombre de cas confirmés et de décès, Juarez étant la principale zone de risque de la contagion (37,2% des cas confirmés;46,9% des décès). Quatre vagues de contagion ont été identifiées au cours de la période évaluée, l'automne 2020 étant la sous‐période la plus intense. Depuis l'automne 2020, la propagation de la maladie a été plus souvent observée dans les municipalités à forte mobilité. Bien que la propagation de COVID‐19 ait diminué après le printemps 2021, l'automne 2021 a connu une augmentation continue du nombre de cas. Cela pourrait être dû à un relâchement des mesures sanitaires ainsi qu'à la propagation de nouveaux variants de COVID‐19. Les techniques géospatiales ont permis de comprendre la propagation de la COVID‐19 et elles pourraient être utiles pour la lutte contre cette maladie, dans l'avenir. (French) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Effect of psychosocial safety climate and organizational justice on affective commitment: A study in the Algarve hotel sector during the COVID-19 pandemic

Through the lens of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this study aimed to analyze how psychosocial safety climate and organizational justice were related to: (a) work engagement through positive psychological capital (PsyCap);and (b) affective commitment through work engagement, in a sample of 217 hospitality workers of the Algarve (Portugal). Using structural equation modeling (SEM), it was observed that PsyCap partially mediated the relationship between organizational justice and work engagement, and that work engagement partially mediated the association between psychosocial safety climate and organizational justice, and affective commitment. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Infeccao Aguda Por Citomegalovirus Associada a Glomerulonefrite Rapidamente Progressiva No Paciente Em Terapia De Manutencao Para Leucemia Pro Mielocitica Aguda Com Fusao Pml Rara

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar caso de infeccao aguda por citomegalovirus associada a glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva no paciente em terapia de manutencao para leucemia pro mielocitica aguda. Relato de caso: Paciente masculino de 25 anos, sem comorbidades, em seguimento no servico de hematologia da UNIFESP por quadro de Leucemia Pro Mielocitica Aguda (diagnostico em julho/2021), em protocolo de manutencao desde janeiro/2022 com 6-mercaptopurina, metotrexato e ATRA, em remissao morfologica e molecular, evolui com quadro de febre diaria ha 10 dias associada a odinofagia e tosse, com linfopenia, sem alteracoes ao exame fisico e rastreio infeccioso ambulatorial negativo. Solicitadas pesquisas de Citomegalovirus, Parvovirus, Epstein-Barr e SARS-Cov-2, suspensos os farmacos do protocolo de manutencao e indicada internacao hospitalar. Sem melhora do quadro relatado acima, paciente evoluiu com pancitopenia associada a um aumento de DHL e ferritina, sem figuras de hemofagocitose no aspirado de medular, alem de sindrome nefrotica e lesao renal rapidamente progressiva KDIGO III com indicacao de dialise. Visto tambem que nao haviam esquizocitos em sangue periferico, alteracoes no coagulograma ou outras disfuncoes organicas. Constatadas sorologias IgM e IgG positiva para CMV alem de carga viral serica elevada para CMV, confirmando a infeccao aguda por CMV associada a glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva. A biopsia renal demonstrou podocitos com alteracoes degenerativas, ausencia de depositos glomerulares e infiltrado linfocitario intersticial. Apos tratamento adequado com ganciclovir paciente evoluiu com melhora da febre e retorno da funcao renal de base. Discussao: Em individuos imunocompetentes a infeccao assintomatica pelo citomegalovirus e comum, e quando ocorrem sintomas ha um quadro clinico semelhante a mononucleose infecciosa, que pode cursar com sintomas de vias aereas superiores associados a linfadenopatia, esplenomegalia e linfopenia. No contexto clinico dos pacientes imunossuprimidos e mais comum que ocorra uma reativacao viral que pode levar a lesao organica aguda com acometimento de orgao unico ou lesao multissitemica. E descrito em literatura que a infeccao por citomegalovirus associada a lesao renal aguda exclusiva esta mais associada ao contexto do paciente imunossuprimido pos transplante renal em uso de drogas com maior potencial imunossupressor, diferentemente do caso relatado. Conclusao: A partir das manifestacoes clinicas e do rastreio infeccioso direcionado as infeccoes oportunistas que acometem o paciente imunossuprimido foi possivel associar o quadro de glomerulonefrite rapidamente progressiva a infeccao aguda por CMV, quadro pouco conhecido na pratica clinica, visto a predilecao para doenca invasiva em sistema nervoso central, retina, trato gastrointestinal e trato respiratorio. Alem disso, notou-se que nesse caso o tratamento com Ganciclovir foi efetivo neste tipo de apresentacao clinica, visto o retorno da funcao renal de base apos o tratamento adequado. Copyright © 2022

BAD NEWS FOR HYPOCHONDRIACS: Covid-19 Associated Aggravation of Somatic Symptom Disorder with Psychotic Depression

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought with it farreaching consequences that affect the mental health of a significant population. Those suffering from somatic symptom disorder (SSD) present a significant focus on physical symptoms, with excessive thoughts and behaviours, to an extent that results in major distress and dysfunction. Aggravation of SSD could be associated with various stressors, including the current pandemic, and culminate in an increased severity of the base presentation. Objective(s): The authors present the case of an elderly man with previous diagnosis of SSD which began to aggravate and evolve into a depressive psychotic state, precipitated by the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. Method(s): The authors conducted a non-systematized literature review with focus on those articles most pertinent to the topic in question as well as presenting a clinical case as compliment. Result(s): With the pandemic overwhelming the globe, the literature has demonstrated a significant correlation with aggravation of mental health and psychiatric cases. The patient in question was previously followed in consultation for SSD. With the pandemic acting as precipitating stressor, the patient demonstrated a significant aggravation in his base presentation with the development of psychotic depression. He was subsequently hospitalized with implementation of psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological methods, with remission of the psychotic state, with poor response of the SSD. Conclusion(s): External stressors are an important influence on psychiatric disorders. Whenever potential life stressors, especially those that exert influence on a global scale, the psychiatrist should be attentive to the possibility of significant aggravation of a stabilized clinical picture and offer support.

Transmitted Fetal Immune Response in Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy.

(1) Background: Little is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the placenta, and whether the maternal inflammatory response is transmitted vertically. This research aims to provide information about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. (2) Methods: We have studied placental changes and humoral and cellular immunity in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples from a group of pregnant women delivering after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Interleukin 1b (IL1b), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ), have been studied in the UCB samples. Lymphocyte subsets were studied according to CD3, CD8, CD4, CD34, and invariant natural Killer T cells (iNKT) markers. We used in situ hybridization techniques for the detection of viral RNA in placentas. (3) Results: During the study period, 79 pregnant women and their corresponding newborns were recruited. The main gestational age at the time of delivery was 39.1 weeks (SD 1.3). We did not find traces of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in any of the analyzed placental samples. Detectable concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IL1b, IL6, and IFN-γ, in UCB were found in all cases, but IgM antibodies anti-ARS-CoV-2 were systematically undetectable. We found significant correlations between fetal CD3+ mononuclear cells and UCB IgG concentrations. We also found significant correlations between UCB IgG concentrations and fetal CD3+/CD4+, as well as CD3+/CD8+ T cells subsets. We also discovered that fetal CD3+/CD8+ cell counts were significantly higher in those cases with placental infarctions. (4) Conclusion: we have not verified the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2. However, we have discovered that a significant immune response is being transmitted to the fetus in cases of SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection.

North American Survey on the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic Shutdown on DBS Care

Objective: To evaluate the changes in multiple aspects of DBS care during onset of the COVID-19 shutdown. Background: During the initial COVID-19 shutdown, elective surgeries were cancelled in most U.S. and Canadian medical centers along with in-person office visits. On behalf of the Parkinson Study Group (PSG) this survey evaluated how deep brain stimulation (DBS) care at practices in North America was affected by the shutdown. Design/Methods: A RedCap ® survey supported by a UL1TR00142 grant was sent to all the members of the PSG Functional Neurosurgical Working Group. Survey responses were limited to one member per site and were collected from May 15-June 6, 2020. Results: Twenty three PSG sites (21 academic, 2 private practice) participated, including 19 (83%) sites in the USA and 4 (17%) in Canada. COVID-associated restrictions impacting DBS care were put in place lasting 4-16 weeks at various sites. A third of sites discontinued preoperative evaluations while the remaining offered limited preoperative evaluations. DBS practice changes affecting all aspects of care were reported, including preoperative assessments (96%), electrode placement (87%), new implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement (83%), IPG replacement (65%), initial DBS programming (74%), and routine DBS programming (91%). Though all sites reported institutional policy as a reason for practice change, 87% also reported patient-driven DBS surgery postponement due to COVID concerns. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns resulted in restricted access to multiple phases of DBS care in almost all U.S. and Canadian sites in this large survey. While initial electrode and IPG implantation and initial programming can be deferred while continuing medical management, delays in IPG replacement (e.g., for a depleted battery or hardware failure) can result in potentially life-threatening consequences. This survey of real-world practice effects draws attention to the need for developing contingency plans for DBS care should pandemic shutdowns recur.

Awake prone positioning and oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19: the APRONOX study.

BACKGROUND: The awake prone positioning strategy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome is a safe, simple and cost-effective technique used to improve hypoxaemia. We aimed to evaluate intubation and mortality risk in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who underwent awake prone positioning during hospitalisation. METHODS: In this retrospective, multicentre observational study conducted between 1 May 2020 and 12 June 2020 in 27 hospitals in Mexico and Ecuador, nonintubated patients with COVID-19 managed with awake prone or awake supine positioning were included to evaluate intubation and mortality risk through logistic regression models; multivariable and centre adjustment, propensity score analyses, and E-values were calculated to limit confounding. RESULTS: 827 nonintubated patients with COVID-19 in the awake prone (n=505) and awake supine (n=322) groups were included for analysis. Fewer patients in the awake prone group required endotracheal intubation (23.6% versus 40.4%) or died (19.8% versus 37.3%). Awake prone positioning was a protective factor for intubation even after multivariable adjustment (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.24-0.52; p<0.0001, E=2.12), which prevailed after propensity score analysis (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.62; p<0.0001, E=1.86) and mortality (adjusted OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.55; p<0.0001, E=2.03). The main variables associated with intubation among awake prone patients were increasing age, lower baseline peripheral arterial oxygen saturation/inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio (P aO2 /F IO2 ) and management with a nonrebreather mask. CONCLUSIONS: Awake prone positioning in hospitalised nonintubated patients with COVID-19 is associated with a lower risk of intubation and mortality.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes in high compared to low risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (phase 2): the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019.

BACKGROUND: It has still to be ascertained whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in pregnancy is associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to low risk gestations. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in high- and low-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multinational retrospective cohort study involving women with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from 76 centers from 25 countries in Europe, the United States, South America, Asia, and Australia from April 4, 2020, to October 28, 2020. The primary outcome was a composite measure of maternal mortality and morbidity, including admission to the intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death. The secondary outcome was a composite measure of adverse perinatal outcome, including miscarriage, fetal loss, neonatal and perinatal death, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. All outcomes were assessed in high- and low-risk pregnancies. Pregnancies were considered high risk in case of either preexisting chronic medical conditions in pregnancy or obstetrical disorders occurring in pregnancy. The Fisher exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 887 singleton pregnancies who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens were included in the study. The risk of composite adverse maternal outcomes was higher in high-risk pregnancies than in low-risk pregnancies (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.24; P=.035). In addition, women carrying high-risk pregnancies were at higher risk of hospital admission (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.04; P=.002), presence of severe respiratory symptoms (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-3.21; P=.001), admission to the intensive care unit (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-4.88), and invasive mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-5.94; P=.002). When exploring perinatal outcomes, high-risk pregnancies were at high risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-2.72; P=.009). However, such association was mainly because of the higher incidence of miscarriage in high-risk pregnancies compared with that in low-risk pregnancies (5.3% vs 1.6%, P=.008); furthermore, there was no difference in other explored outcomes between the 2 study groups. At logistic regression analysis, maternal age (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.22; P=.023) and high-risk pregnancy (odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 3.90-5.11; P<.001) were independently associated with adverse maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION: High-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were at higher risk of adverse maternal outcomes than low-risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

Abordaje hemodinámico y ventilatorio en pacientes con COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) is a clinical entity generated by this new virus a Coronavirus (COVID-19). Disease called COVID-19 (CoronaVIrus Disease 2019) by the World Health Organization. Its presentation is acute respiratory failure characterized by hyperinflation of the lung that leads to an increase in capillaries and epithelial permeability, with loss of ventilation of lung tissue and increases lung stiffness. These disturbances lead to imbalances between ventilation and perfusion ratio, which ultimately result in hypoxemia and impaired carbon dioxide clearance. For this review, a search of PubMed and Trip Database was performed. Due to the scarcity of publications, a specific search algorithm was not used. The objective is to review, the evidence and the recommendations of national and international experts, of the hemodynamic and ventilatory management of these patients.

El coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2, conocido previamente como nCoV-2019) es el agente causal de una nueva enfermedad denominada COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Su presentación es la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda caracterizada por una hiperinflación del pulmón que conduce a un incremento de los capilares y permeabilidad epitelial, con pérdida de la aireación de tejido pulmonar e incremento de la rigidez pulmonar. Estas alteraciones conducen a desequilibrios entre la ventilación y la relación de perfusión, que finalmente resultan en hipoxemia y deterioro de la depuración de dióxido de carbono. Para la presente revisión se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed y Trip Database. Debido a la escasez de publicaciones no se utilizó un algoritmo de búsqueda específico. El objetivo es dar a conocer, de acuerdo con la evidencia y las recomendaciones de expertos nacionales e internacionales, el manejo hemodinámico y ventilatorio de estos pacientes.

A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network for Genetic Monitoring of Hard-Bottom Communities (ARMS-MBON)

Marine hard-bottom communities are undergoing severe change under the influence of multiple drivers, notably climate change, extraction of natural resources, pollution and eutrophication, habitat degradation, and invasive species. Monitoring marine biodiversity in such habitats is, however, challenging as it typically involves expensive, non-standardized, and often destructive sampling methods that limit its scalability. Differences in monitoring approaches furthermore hinders inter-comparison among monitoring programs. Here we announce a Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) consisting of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) with the aim to assess the status and changes in benthic fauna with genomic-based methods, notably DNA metabarcoding, in combination with image-based identifications. This article presents the results of a 30-month pilot phase in which we established an operational and geographically expansive ARMS-MBON. The network currently consists of 20 observatories distributed across European coastal waters and the polar regions, in which 134 ARMS have been deployed to date. Sampling takes place annually, either as short-term deployments during the summer or as long-term deployments starting in spring. The pilot phase was used to establish a common set of standards for field sampling, genetic analysis, data management, and legal compliance, which are presented here. We also tested the potential of ARMS for combining genetic and image-based identification methods in comparative studies of benthic diversity, as well as for detecting non-indigenous species. Results show that ARMS are suitable for monitoring hard-bottom environments as they provide genetic data that can be continuously enriched, re-analyzed, and integrated with conventional data to document benthic community composition and detect non-indigenous species. Finally, we provide guidelines to expand the network and present a sustainability plan as part of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (www.embrc.eu).